Multidetector CT [MDCT] Findings of primary hepatic lymphoma

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the triphasic multidetector CT [MDCT] finding of primary hepatic lymphoma [PHL]

Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included eighteen patients. Each patient presented with primary hepatobiliary lymphoma without associated lymphadenopathy or other visceral involvement. Triphasic CT scanning was performed on one of two systems [64 MD CT] in 12 patients and [6 MDCT] in 6 patients. All eighteen patients underwent ultrasound percutaneous trucut liver biopsy using 18-gauge biopsy needle. Pathology was confirmed on all cases

Results: Four of eighteen patients presented with a single focal lesion. Thirteen of eighteen patients presented with multiple well defined focal lesions. One patient presented with a diffuse hepatic involvement. On triphasic CT, three patients showed gradual progressive contrast enhancement. Lesions remained isodense to the liver on the arterial phase with mild enhancement in the portal phase and showed washout on the delayed phase in two patients. The remaining thirteen patients showed multiple hypodense non-enhancing lesions

Conclusions: PHL presents a wide spectrum of imaging findings on triphasic MDCT with no characteristic imaging pattern. MDCT can be used for detection of the lesion and biopsy is used for diagnosis. PHL should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of a liver focal lesion either single or multiple

Assessment of women utilization of family planning services after IUCDs insertion

The present study aimed to assess women utilization of family planning services after IUCDs insertion. The present study is a descriptive study. The study was conducted at family planning outpatient clinic of El-Mansoura University Hospital. Simple random sample. All women who are using IUCDs for one year or more, had different levels of education, occupation, social classes who attend family planning outpatient clinics during six months period. The sample size 130 women using IUCDs. 1-Structured interviewing sheet 2-Assessment sheet for physical setting of the family planning clinic, 3-Assessment sheet of provided care. A pilot study had been done 13 clients accordingly tools and data collection plane were modified 3-The main results revealed that the majority of the study sample [96.9] were using IUCDcu 380, 48.5% used it for 4-12 years and 69.2% of women didn't make follow up in addition 32.2% of women suffer from IUCD5 complications as, bleeding [18.5%] and vaginitis [16.2%] were the most common complains meanwhile 67.7% didn't suffer from any complication. The rate follow up and satisfaction were lower in women who took a lot of time to reached family planning services, in women who had complication, with low income and with no husband approval. It's concluded that, the majority of women do not make follow up post IUCDs insertion due to many factors such as, ages of the women, their educational levels, occupation, husbands approval of using family planning services, number of children in the family, and income, lack structures and facilities of family planning clinic. In addition, there was a relation between the decreased quality of the provided services and the previous factors. As well as there is a relation between the decreasing of utilization of family planning services and both, long waiting time and neglection of counseling and lacked many necessary structure facilities and supplies. So that, the present study Recommend. Raising awareness of women regarding the importance of follow up post IUCDs insertion, further study to assess the factors affecting women utilization of family planning services on larger sample size

Learning styles of the undergraduate nursing students

The student population in universities is very diverse ranging ages, experiences cultures, level of preparedness and learning styles. This diversity presents academic with increasing challenges to motivate and promote student understanding. In recent years increased attention has been directed toward assessing and improving academic quality and enhancing learning opportunities in higher education in Egypt. [Helal 2008]. The phrase learning style refers to the method one's uses to obtain and use information to learn. Kolb's Learning Style Inventory was used to assess preferences for learning styles. KoIb Learning style inventory [LSI] remains one of the most widely distributed instruments used in higher education, since it is based on a wounded theoretical base of Experiential learning theory [Honigsfeld and Schiering, 2004 and KoIb 2007]. Identify the dominant learning style of the undergraduate nursing students. This study is a descriptive study. The study done at Faculty of Nursing Ain Shams University. A total of 210 undergraduate nursing students were included in the study [54 male and 156 female]. The mean age of the study group was [21.3 +/- 2.8] years. Regarding the student's learning mode the higher score obtained in the stage cycle of learning for the first, second, third and fourth year students was [AE] active experimentation or 'doing'. The concrete experience [CE] or "feeling" was the last learning stage cycle preferences selected by the first, second, and third year students. Fourth year students second stage of learning cycle was abstract conceptualization [AC] or "thinking" and their last choice was reflective observation or [RO] "watching". The results of[AC-RO] indicate that the student's dominant learning dimension was processing dimension. The dominant learning style for the first, second and fourth year students was "converge" which and "accommodator" for the third year students. There was a statistical significant difference amongstudents regarding their learning style. Undergraduate nursing students vary in their learning style. The four Kolb learning styles were represented among the study sample. The processing dimension is the dominant learning dimension among undergraduate nursing students and the majority of the undergraduate nursing students in the study sample were "converger". Further research in the field of students learning still needed using a larger sample size